It is often said that spectrum is a scarce resource. New applications mean that the commercial sector wants more spectrum, hence the attraction of the many bands currently used by the military and other public sector users. However, if it were only a matter of the commercial sector needing greater access to the airwaves the issues involved would be much simpler.
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Perhaps the best known reform of public sector spectrum has been carried out in the the UK. Its rationale was quite simple - to apply market-based mechanisms as far as possible. This began with requiring bodies like the military to pay for the spectrum they used, the price being based on an estimate by the regulator. Public bodies are being allowed to sell off any bands they don't use, creating an economic incentive for spectrum efficiency.
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The expansion of Middle Eastern mobile operators into new markets became commonplace in the late 1990s and, in 2007, showed no signs of abating. Massive deals were still spurred by booming stock markets allowing, most recently, the likes of Saudi Telecom to expand regionally – and into the CEPT's sphere – with the proposed purchase of a slice of the Oger empire and with it Turkish mobile assets.
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In much of the rest of Europe there have been extensive consultations on what to do with the prime spectrum which will be freed up when analogue broadcasting signals are switched off, and in the US most of this spectrum has now been auctioned.
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The pressure on public sector spectrum users is mounting. The Radio Spectrum Policy Group (RSPG) has begun the process of drawing up recommendations on best practice among the emergency services, military and transport sectors. And a group of consultants commissioned by Brussels are a couple of months into a parallel study on improving efficiency in the sector.
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The claim comes in a <a href=http://www.dividende-numerique.fr/rapport.php>report</a> on the commission's work, published to coincide with the launch of a <a href="http://www.dividende-numerique.fr/">new public consultation</a> on how France's digital dividend should be used. The consultation lasts until 5 May 2008.
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If spectrum can be bought or sold, then international trade could be liberalized or "bound" in the WTO. Binding a country's level of market liberalization in the WTO is often seen as stimulating the stable marketplace needed for investment. Many countries have slightly tougher ownership rules for spectrum than for ownership for a company because historically, spectrum has been used for broadcasting of information and possibly propaganda. Some countries for example, have strict rules on who can own a radio station. A number of countries retain the rules, which affect broadcasting, but more broadly they apply to wireless stations. Spectrum is much more closely monitored than wireline. If the WTO got more involved in spectrum, then logically it would need to take into account the trend towards spectrum trading, a telecom official said.
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The Internet giant has already lodged a detailed submission with the Federal Communications Commission (FCC), calling for the "white space" between television broadcast signals to be used to provide wireless Internet access.
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During the second half of March and the first few days of April this year, there was nothing but very good news for the two European companies which dominate the mobile communications on aircraft (MCA) sector.
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The European Parliament wants to find a balance between liberalisation of broadcasting frequencies and public interests such as cultural diversity and maintaining media pluralism. But at a public hearing organised in Brussels on March 27 broadcasters and mobile telephone operators continued to put forward contrasting views over the issue of the 'digital dividend', or the use of frequencies freed up by the switchover from analogue to digital television.
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Why would Vodafone, the mobile industry's most enthusiastic liberaliser, be happy for HDTV spectrum to be reserved for broadcasters? After all, HDTV requires three times as much highly valuable UHF spectrum as standard definition TV.
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